Allogenic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HSCT) is typically the preferred curative therapy for adult patients with acutemyeloid\nleukemia, but its use has been reduced as a consequence of limited donor availability in the form of either matched-related donors\n(MRD) or matched-unrelated donors (MUD). Alternative options such as unrelated umbilical cord blood (UCB) transplantation\nand haploidentical HSCT have been increasingly studied in the past few decades to overcome these obstacles. A human leukocyte\nantigen- (HLA-) haploidentical donor is a recipient�s relative who shares an exact haplotype with the recipient but is mismatched\nfor HLA genes on the unshared haplotype. These dissimilarities pose several challenges to the outcomes of the patient receiving\nsuch a type of HSCT, including higher rates of bidirectional alloreactivity and graft failure. In the past 5 years, however, several\nnonrandomized studies have shown promising results in terms of graft success and decreased rates of alloreactivity, in part due to\nnewer grafting techniques and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis.We present here a summary and review of the latest\nresults of these studies as well as a brief discussion on the advantages and challenges of haploidentical HSCT.
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